Back to Doc/Heuristic.

LP solver support

Some configurations of the search component of Fast Downward, such as optimal cost partitioning for landmark heuristics, require a linear programming (LP) solver and will complain if the planner has not been built with support for such a solver. Setting up LP support requires three steps, explained below:

1. Installing one or more LP solvers.
2. Installing the Open Solver Interface.
3. Building Fast Downward with LP support.

Step 1. Installing one or more LP solvers

Fast Downward uses a generic interface (see next step) for accessing LP solvers and hence can be used together with different LP solvers. Currently, three LP solvers are supported: CPLEX, Gurobi, and COIN-LP. You can install one, two or all three solvers without causing conflicts. The solver used by the planner is selected by command-line arguments, not at compile time. We recommend using CPLEX, which in our experiments has led to better performance than COIN-LP. We have no experience with Gurobi, but others recommend it over CPLEX. (If you have data comparing these two within Fast Downward, we would be very interested in hearing about it.)

Installing one or more LP solvers: CPLEX

IBM offers a free academic license that includes access to CPLEX. Once you are registered, you can download the 32 bit binary from the member area of the Academic Initiative Website. Execute the binary and follow the guided installation. If you want to install in a global location, you have to execute the installer as root.

After the installation, set the following environment variable (adapt the path if you did not install in the default location):

export DOWNWARD_CPLEX_ROOT32=/opt/ibm/ILOG/CPLEX_Studio1251/cplex

If you need 64 bit builds, you also have to install the 64 bit version of CPLEX and use the environment variable DOWNWARD_CPLEX_ROOT64 to identify its location. If you don't want to permanently modify your environment, you can also set these variables directly when calling CMake, or in src/build.py. The variables need to be set for when installing the Open Solver Interface (Step 2.) and when building Fast Downward's search component (Step 3.).

For instructions for Windows, see below.

Installing one or more LP solvers: Gurobi

We have no experience with installing Gurobi. On Linux, Gurobi is only available for 64bit, which means that it cannot be used with our default (32bit) build.

After the installation, set the following environment variables:

export DOWNWARD_GUROBI_ROOT=/path/to/gurobi

If you don't want to permanently modify your environment, you can also set these variables directly when calling CMake, or in src/build.py. The variables need to be set for when installing the Open Solver Interface (Step 2.) and when building Fast Downward's search component (Step 3.).

Installing one or more LP solvers: COIN-LP

COIN-LP is included in the download for the Open Solver Interface up to and including version 0.103.0. In those version, it is available without additional work after the following step. In other versions it needs to be installed separately. However, we recommend against using it in serious experiments unless you have established that it offers comparable performance to CPLEX in your setting.

Step 2. Installing the Open Solver Interface

The Open Solver Interface (OSI) provides a common interface to different LP solvers. OSI must be compiled after installing the LP solver(s) in Step 1. If you install a solver later, repeat the installation steps of OSI. We assume in the following that CPLEX and Gurobi are installed and the environment variables DOWNWARD_CPLEX_ROOT and DOWNWARD_GUROBI_ROOT are set up correctly.

These instructions apply to COIN/OSI 0.103.0, which was the last version that was bundled with Fast Downward. Newer versions from http://www.coin-or.org/download/source/Osi/ should work, too. If you experience problems, please let us know.

Installing the Open Solver Interface on Linux

Run the following commands. If you have chosen not to install CPLEX and/or Gurobi, omit the options related to these solvers from the call to ./configure (options for solvers that are not installed can lead to very cryptic error messages). If you install a current version of OSI that does not include CLP and you have installed CLP separately, also add the corresponding options for CLP. This is not necessary for versions that come with a bundled CLP. You may have to include the path to shared libraries in LDFLAGS, i.e. LDFLAGS="-L$DOWNWARD_CPLEX_ROOT/lib -L/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.8". If there are other problems, see the troubleshooting section.

   1 set -u
   2 OSI_VERSION=0.103.0
   3 wget http://www.coin-or.org/download/source/Osi/Osi-$OSI_VERSION.tgz
   4 tar xvzf Osi-$OSI_VERSION.tgz
   5 cd Osi-$OSI_VERSION
   6 
   7 sudo ./configure CC="gcc"  CFLAGS="-m32 -pthread -Wno-long-long" \
   8                  CXX="g++" CXXFLAGS="-m32 -pthread -Wno-long-long" \
   9                  LDFLAGS="-L$DOWNWARD_CPLEX_ROOT/lib -L$DOWNWARD_GUROBI_ROOT/lib" \
  10                  --without-lapack --enable-static=yes \
  11                  --prefix="path/to/coin" \
  12                  --with-cplex-incdir=$DOWNWARD_CPLEX_ROOT/include/ilcplex --with-cplex-lib="-lcplex -lm" \
  13                  --with-gurobi-incdir=$DOWNWARD_GUROBI_ROOT/include_dir --with-gurobi-lib="-lgurobi"
  14 sudo make
  15 sudo make install
  16 cd ..
  17 rm -rf Osi-$OSI_VERSION
  18 rm Osi-$OSI_VERSION.tgz

After installation, set the environment variable DOWNWARD_COIN_ROOT to the prefix you used in the call to ./configure. For example:

export DOWNWARD_COIN_ROOT=/opt/coin

If you want to compile for 64-bit, change -m32 to -m64 in the configuration step above. You also have to change the setting for --prefix, otherwise the 64-bit version will overwrite the 32-bit version. You can then use the environment variables DOWNWARD_COIN_ROOT32 and DOWNWARD_COIN_ROOT64 to identify the two versions.

If you don't want to permanently modify your environment, you can also set these variables directly when calling CMake, or in src/build.py. The variables need to be set for when installing the Open Solver Interface (Step 2.) and when building Fast Downward's search component (Step 3.).

Installing the Open Solver Interface on Mac OS X

Follow the Linux instructions above with the following changes:

• Replace -m32 with -arch i386.

• Building CoinUtils can create both static and dynamic libraries and there have been reported problems with both.

  • To use static libraries, delete the dynamic libraries from $(DOWNWARD_COIN_ROOT)/lib/ after building CoinUtils.

  • or

  • To use dynamic libraries, replace --enable-static=yes with --enable-static=no and change the Fast Downward CMakefile to look for dynamic (*.dylib) instead of static (*.a) libraries of libOsiCpx, libOsiGrb, and libOsiClp.

Installation has been reported to fail on Mac OS X due to a bug in the CoinUtils configure script. (See issue295.) If you run into this problem, try downloading the patched file attached to this page, make it executable, and replace the file Osi-0.103.0/CoinUtils/configure with it:

    cp Dowloads/coinutils-configure.patched Osi-0.103.0/CoinUtils/configure
    chmod +x Osi-0.103.0/CoinUtils/configure

Installing the Open Solver Interface on Windows

We managed to install OSI with support for CPLEX on Windows using msys2 using the following steps:

1. Install CPLEX into a directory without spaces. We assume this is C:\cplex. Usually you will install ILOG Studio, which contains more than just CPLEX, so the paths below use C:\cplex\cplex to point to the CPLEX part of it.

2. Install msys2 (this is only necessary to compile Osi and not required to compile the planner)

3. Within msys2 use pacman to install base-devel: pacman -S base-devel

4. Download Osi (we use 0.103.0, newer versions should work but are untested) and unpack to C:\msys64\home\<username>\Osi-0.103.0

5. Start the "VS2013 x86 Native Tools Command Prompt", log in to msys from there, and change to the Osi directory:

   •    1     C:\msys64\usr\bin\bash --login -i
        2     cd Osi-0.103.0
     

6. Compile debug version of OSI:

   •    1     mkdir /c/osi
        2     mkdir /c/osi/mtd
        3     LD='link' STRIP=':' AR='lib' RANLIB=':' NM='dumpbin -symbols' \
        4     CC='cl -nologo' CFLAGS=' -MTd -Zi -FS' CXX='cl -nologo' CXXFLAGS=' -MTd -Zi -EHsc -FS' \
        5     ./configure --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32 \
        6                 --build=mingw32 \
        7                 --prefix=/c/osi/mtd \
        8                 --with-cplex-lib='-L/c/cplex/cplex/lib/x86_windows_vs2013/stat_mtd/cplex1262.lib' \
        9                 --with-cplex-incdir='/c/cplex/cplex/include/ilcplex' \
       10                 --disable-cplex-libcheck
       11     make
       12     make install
     

     Afterwards, copy the debug symbol file C:\msys64\home\<username>\Osi-0.103.0\vc120.pdb to C:\osi\mtd\lib\ to avoid compiler warnings when compiling a debug version.

7. Compile release version of OSI. Note the subtle differences to the command above: we use the directory /c/osi/mt instead of /c/osi/mtd in two places, the flag -MT instead of -MTd in two places, and the CPLEX library stat_mta instead of stat_mtd:

   •    1     mkdir /c/osi
        2     mkdir /c/osi/mt
        3     LD='link' STRIP=':' AR='lib' RANLIB=':' NM='dumpbin -symbols' \
        4     CC='cl -nologo' CFLAGS=' -MT -Zi -FS' CXX='cl -nologo' CXXFLAGS=' -MT -Zi -EHsc -FS' \
        5     ./configure --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32 \
        6                 --build=mingw32 \
        7                 --prefix=/c/osi/mt \
        8                 --with-cplex-lib='-L/c/cplex/cplex/lib/x86_windows_vs2013/stat_mta/cplex1262.lib' \
        9                 --with-cplex-incdir='/c/cplex/cplex/include/ilcplex' \
       10                 --disable-cplex-libcheck
       11     make
       12     make install
     

To compile a 64-bit version, start the "VS2013 x64 Native Tools Command Prompt" in step 5 instead of the x86 one. Then chose the 64-bit version of CLPEX in steps 6. and 7., and use a different prefix, e.g., --prefix=/c/osi/mt64. Everything else stays the same (in particular --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32 and --build=mingw32 do not change).

Note that linking under Windows only works if the libraries were compiled with the same flags. For example, if OSI is compiled with the flag -MTd (dynamic debug) then the planner also has to use this flag for compilation.

In our CMake build system some flags are automatically determined by the build type, e.g., if CMake is called with CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=DEBUG, the flag -MTd is added by default. The CPLEX library also has to fit to everything. This is important when compiling Osi (in the --with-cplex-lib paramater, see above) and when compiling Fast Downward (handled by the CMake file). CPLEX has precompiled libraries for different versions of Visual Studio each as a static release and static debug version. This is documented in the file C:/cplex/cplex/c_cpp.html.

To allow both debug and release builds of 32- and 64-bit version to link against the correct version of OSI, set the following environment variables:

•    1     DOWNWARD_COIN_ROOT_RELEASE32=C:/osi/mt
     2     DOWNWARD_COIN_ROOT_DEBUG32=C:/osi/mtd
     3     DOWNWARD_COIN_ROOT_RELEASE64=C:/osi/mt64
     4     DOWNWARD_COIN_ROOT_DEBUG64=C:/osi/mtd64
  

Step 3. Building Fast Downward with LP support

Once OSI is installed, you can build Fast Downward's search component with LP support by calling ./build.py. Remove your previous build first:

rm -rf builds

Fast Downward automatically includes an LP Solver in the build, if it is needed, and the solver and the necessary OSI adapter are detected on the system. If you want to explicitly build without the LP solver that is installed on your system, disable the LP solver plugin (with -DPLUGIN_LP_SOLVER_ENABLED=FALSE) and all plug-ins that require it, such as POTENTIAL_HEURISTICS (see ObtainingAndRunningFastDownward#Manual_Builds).

Troubleshooting

The LP-related libraries have a number of dependencies which might not be installed on your system. If for some reason one of the above steps fails, we would appreciate if you could attempt to troubleshoot it yourself.

If the configure step of COIN/OSI fails with the error Cannot find symbol(s) CPXgetstat with CPX, check the path to the CPLEX lib directory. Depending on your CPLEX installation, the libraries might be stored in a different place, e.g., in $DOWNWARD_CPLEX_ROOT/lib/x86_linux/static_pic. Check that the directory exists and contains the file libcplex.a. If the configure step fails for another reason, have a look at their troubleshooting page or their page of current issues.

If you get warnings about unresolved references with CPLEX, visit their help pages.

If Fast Downward gives you compilation errors mentioning the isnan function, you are likely affected by an OSI/compiler incompatibility (see http://issues.fast-downward.org/issue681). In this case try the following:

1. Add export DOWNWARD_USE_ISNAN_WORKAROUND=1 to your ~/.bashrc file (or other shell configuration file).

2. Make sure the changed shell configuration takes effect by logging out and then logging in again.

3. In the main directory of the repository, delete all cmake build artifacts with rm -r builds.

4. Rebuild.

If installing a 32-bit version of OSI on maia leads to an error about the wrong file format of libstdc++.so, then changing the order of paths in LD_LIBRARY_PATH might help. For example with g++-4.9.3 on maia, changing the order of /scicore/soft/apps/GCC/4.9.2/lib64:/scicore/soft/apps/GCC/4.9.2/lib to /scicore/soft/apps/GCC/4.9.2/lib:/scicore/soft/apps/GCC/4.9.2/lib64 helps.

If after troubleshooting you can get the LP package to work, please do let us know of your problem and its solution so that we can improve these instructions. If you still cannot get it to work, we may be able to provide some help, but note that the LP solvers and OSI library are external packages not developed by us.